Bambanci tsakanin Acedrex da Ajedrez yana nuna ci gaban lafazin harshen Sifen yayin da yake ƙoƙarin daidaita sunan Larabci na asali na wasan:
Acedrex (Zamanin Karni na 13): Wannan shine rubutun kalmomi na asali da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kasidar Sarki Alfonso X ta shekara ta 1283, Littafin Acedrex. A wannan lokaci, an yi amfani da “c” (kafin “e”) da “x” don ɗaukar sautin “sh” da aka gada daga Larabci. Catur.
Ajedrez (Karni na 15): Yayin da harshen ya ci gaba, sautin “sh” ya koma “j” na zamani mai zurfin makogwaro (the jota). A lokacin da Luis Ramírez de Lucena ya wallafa fitaccen aikinsa a shekara ta 1497, rubutun ya riga ya koma ga siffar zamani.
Yayin da ake canza sunan lafazi, ƙa'idojin suna samun faɗaɗa mai juyin-juya hali na iko wanda ya sauya gaba ɗaya saurin wasan. Wannan sauyi mafi kyau ana bayyana shi ne ta hanyar tsarin biyu da aka bayyana a cikin aikin Lucena na shekarar 1497:
El Viejo (Hanyar Tsohuwa): Wannan yana wakiltar dokokin gargajiya na zamanin tsakiyar Acedrex, inda wasan yake tafiya a hankali, gwagwarmayar matsayi. A cikin wannan tsarin, sashin da muke kira Dama a yanzu shi ne Alferza (mai ba da shawara ga Sarki), wanda aka takaita shi ga motsawa murabba'i ɗaya kawai a layin karkata. A lokaci guda, Alfil na gargajiya an iyakance shi ga tsalle murabba'ai biyu a layin karkata, yana tsallake sauran sassa.
De la Dama (Hanyar Zamani): Wannan sabon salon wasa ya mayar da catur zuwa fafatawa mai sauri, dabaru, da fashewa. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan ƙa'idoji, an maye gurbin Alferza da “Dama”, wadda ta sami iyaka marar iyaka a kowane bangare. Haka kuma, Alfil na zamani ya koma mai motsi a madauwari ba tare da iyaka ba, yana ɗaukar ƙarfin motsi da aka taɓa warewa ga sassa na gwaji kamar Crocodile.
Juyin motsin “unlimited diagonal” zuwa sunan “Alfil” a adabin Sifen ya nuna babban sauyi daga “Shatranj” na zamanin tsakiyar Turai zuwa catur na zamani. Yayin da “Libro de los Juegos (1283)” na Sarki Alfonso X ya fara gabatar da motsin diagonal mara iyaka ta wata takamaiman sassa mai suna Crocodile (Crocodile), ba a sake amfani da sunan “Alfil” ga wannan motsi a cikin wasan 8×8 na gargajiya ba har sai ƙarshen ƙarni na 15.
A cikin “Libro de los Juegos" na Alfonso X“, Alfil na al'ada har yanzu shi ne siffar zamanin tsakiyar da ke tsallake murabba'ai biyu a madaidaiciya. Duk da haka, Alfonso ya haɗa wani bambanci mai faɗi na 12×12 da ake kira “Grande Acedrex"“ (Babban Catur), wanda ya ƙunshi sabon sashi mai suna “Kifin ruwa” (Crocodile).
Motsin: Kifin-ruwa ya motsa daidai kamar yadda sashin zamani ke motsi—yana zamewa a kowane nisa a kan layukan giciye marasa cikas.
Ispirasi: Masana tarihi suna danganta wannan suna da sanannen kyautar diflomasiyya: maciji mai rai da Sultani na Masar ya aiko wa Alfonso X a shekarar 1260, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tayin aure ga “yar Sarki. Wani samfurin katako mai girman gaske na wannan maciji, wanda ake kira "Lagarto"“, har yanzu yana rataye a Katedral ɗin Seville a yau.
An yi amfani da sunan “Alfil” a hukumance don motsin diagonal mara iyaka a cikin wasan 8×8 na gargajiya bayan “Gyaran Valencian” a kusan shekara ta 1475.
Scachs d'amor (kimanin 1475): Wannan waƙar Valencian ita ce aikin adabi na farko da ya bayyana ƙa'idojin catur na zamani. Ta bayyana a fili cewa wannan sashi yana da “matsayi mai motsi sosai,” yana motsawa a kan yawan murabba'ai gwargwadon yadda zai iya a layin karkata. A cikin waƙar, ana riga ana kiran waɗannan sassan “Alfils” (a Valencian/Catalan), wanda ke nuna cewa an canja sunan daga tsohon “jumper” zuwa sabon “slider” a wannan lokacin.
Littafin wasannin catur (1495): An rubuta shi ne ta Francesc Vicent, wannan littafi da aka ɓata ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin rubutun farko kan catur na zamani. Ana ganin ya daidaita sunan “Alfil” don sabon motsi a faɗin Tsibirin Iberiya.
Idan ana neman adabin Castilian (Sifeniya) maimakon na Valencian, amfani na farko da tabbatacce na “Alfil” don motsi na zamani yana cikin:
Maimaita Soyayya da Fasahar Catur (1497): An rubuta shi ne ta hannun Luis Ramírez de Lucena, kuma shi ne littafin bugu mafi tsufa da ya rage game da catur na zamani a harshen Castilian.
Lucena ya kira wannan sashi Alfil (ko Arfil) kuma ya bambanta tsakanin sabbin ƙa'idoji (de la dama) da tsofaffin ƙa'idoji (el viejo). Ya tabbatar cewa “Alfil sabo” yanzu yana motsawa a faɗin diagonal, inda yake ɗaukar motsin da aka sanya wa “Crocodile” na Alfonso a asali.
Ko da yake ana amfani da dukkan kalmomin a yau, zaɓin tsakanin “dama” da “reina” a cikin adabin catur na Sifen yana nuna sauyi daga wasan zamanin tsakiyar Turai zuwa catur na zamani kuma yana nuna ƙoƙari na dogon lokaci na gujewa rikicin harshe.
A cikin ma'anar adabi gabaɗaya, kalmar “reina” (sarkiya) ta bayyana a cikin waƙoƙin catur na Sifen tun daɗe kafin ta zama sunan da aka ka'ida don wannan sashi a kan allo.
Karni na 11 (Shegal): Rabbin na Spain“Ibrahima ibn Ezra” Ya rubuta wata waƙa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 11 wadda ta ambaci wannan ɓangaren a matsayin “Shegal” (kalmar Ibrananci don sarauniya).
Labarin soyayya na zamanin tsakiyar Turai: A ƙarƙashin tasirin rubuce-rubucen ɗabi'a na Jacobus de Cessolis, ana yawan kiran wannan ɓangaren da ’sarki mata” a Latin da “sarki“ a cikin farkon harsunan Romance, ko da yake har yanzu yana motsawa da raunin motsi na kusurwa ɗaya na “Alferza“.
Lokacin da aka canza ƙa'idoji a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 don ƙirƙirar ƙwararren sashi mai “ba tare da iyaka ba” da muka sani a yau, kalmar da aka fi so a rubuce-rubucen Sifeniya ita ce “Dama”, ba "Reina" ba.
Littafin wasannin catur (1495): An rubuta shi ne ta Francesc Vicent a Valencia, ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin littafi na farko da aka buga game da catur na zamani. Ya mayar da hankali kan “Dama“ (Mace) kuma ana danganta mata da daidaita ƙa'idodin motsi na “sabbi”.
Maimaita Soyayya da Fasahar Catur (1497): Luis Ramírez de Lucena ya bayyana a fili kalmar “Dama“ don bayyana wasan zamani (de la dama). Ba ya yawan amfani da “Reina” saboda ana yawan kiran wasan “Catur na Matar Girma” (wanda ake danganta shi da Sarauniya Isabella I na Castile).
Juyin zuwa “Reina” a cikin rubuce-rubucen catur na Sifen da aka fi sani ya fara yawaita a ƙarni na 16 yayin da wasan ya wuce lokacin farko na “gyara”.
Ruy López de Segura (1561): A cikin aikin tushen sa, “Libro de la Invención Liberal y Arte del Juego del Axedrez”, Ruy López ya yi amfani da duka kalmomin, kodayake “Dama“ Ya kasance mai rinjaye ta fasaha a cikin bayanai na dabaru.
Rikicin “R”: Babban dalilin da ya sa “Reina” ba ta taɓa maye gurbin “Dama” gaba ɗaya a cikin littattafan fasaha na catur shi ne tsarin rubuta catur. A tsarin rubutu na Sifen, “Rey” (Sarki) yana amfani da haruffan “R“. Don kauce wa rikici, an ba sarauniya haruffan “D“ don “Dama”.
