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Deep Blue da Kasparov: Farkon Mamayar Inji

 

A shekarar 1997, duniya ta shaida wani muhimmin juyin halitta a dangantaka tsakanin mutum da na'ura. An haɓaka shi ta IBM, supercomputer ɗin Taurayin Shuɗi ya doke zakaran duniya mai ci, Garry Kasparov, a cikin jerin wasanni shida. Wannan shi ne karon farko da kwamfuta ta doke zakaran duniya a wasan irin gasar ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin lokaci na al'ada.

 

Ƙarfin Brute Force: Deep Blue ya kasance babban aikin kayan aikin musamman, mai iya lissafin matsayi miliyan 200 a kowace sakan.

 

Nasara ta Alama: Wannan wasan ya sauya yadda duniya ke kallon basirar wucin gadi. Ya tabbatar da cewa duk da zurfin hangen nesa na ɗan adam, saurin lissafin na'ura zai iya rinjayar mafi girman tunanin dabaru na wannan zamani.

Stockfish: Yadda kowa zai iya yin nazarin Grandmaster

Kifi na ajiya Shi ne injin catur na buɗaɗɗen tushe mafi ƙarfi a duniya. Ba kamar manyan kwamfutocin keɓaɓɓu na baya ba, Stockfish kyauta ne kuma kowa na iya amfani da shi, daga masu sha'awar catur na yau da kullum zuwa manyan ƙwararrun Grandmasters na duniya.

  • Ka'idar Duniya: Yana ci gaba da kasancewa a saman jerin injuna, Stockfish yana zama kayan aiki mafi inganci don nazarin wasa da haɓaka dabaru.
  • Ci gaban jijiyoyi: Da farko an gina su ne bisa ga algorithms na gargajiya na “bincike da kimantawa”, amma yanzu sigogin zamani na Stockfish suna amfani da NNUE (Cibiyoyin Neural da za a iya sabuntawa cikin inganci). Wannan haɗin yana ba shi damar haɗa saurin lissafi mai yawa da zurfin fahimta kusan kamar ta ɗan adam game da matsayi masu rikitarwa, yana kaiwa matsayin ƙimar ELO da ya zarce 3500.

AlphaZero: Zamanin Fahimta da Kirkire-kirkiren Inji

An haɓaka AlphaZero ne ta DeepMind na Google, ya kawo juyin juya hali a yadda muke tunani game da basirar wucin gadi. Yayinda injuna na baya ke koyon ƙa'idoji da mutane suka shirya, AlphaZero tsarin koyon kai ne.

  • Fara Sabuwa (Daga tushe) An ba AlphaZero ne kawai ka'idojin asali na catur. Ta hanyar buga miliyoyin wasanni da kanta ta amfani da koyon ƙarfafawa, ta kai matakin ƙwarewa fiye da na ɗan adam cikin awanni huɗu kawai.
  • Juyin Halitta: AlphaZero bai yi wasa kamar na'urar lissafi ta al'ada ba. Ya gabatar da salon wasa mai matuƙar tashin hankali, ƙirƙira, da fahimta ta ciki, inda sau da yawa yake sadaukar da kayan wasa don samun matsin lamba na matsayi na dogon lokaci. Ya tabbatar cewa injuna ba kawai za su iya lissafi cikin sauri fiye da mutane ba, har ma za su iya sake ƙirƙirar fasaha da ƙirƙirar wasan kansa.