{"id":756,"date":"2026-02-21T09:44:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T09:44:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/?page_id=756"},"modified":"2026-03-02T06:56:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T06:56:13","slug":"poster-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/exhibit\/poster-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Fosta 1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ci gaban sassan catur na Sifen daga catur na tarihi (acedrex) zuwa catur na zamani (ajedrez)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1. Sauyin Harshe: Daga X zuwa J<\/b><\/h3>

Bambanci tsakanin Acedrex da Ajedrez yana nuna ci gaban lafazin harshen Sifen yayin da yake \u0199o\u0199arin daidaita sunan Larabci na asali na wasan:<\/p>

  • A<\/b>cedrex (Zamanin Karni na 13):\u00a0<\/strong>Wannan shine rubutun kalmomi na asali da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kasidar Sarki Alfonso X ta shekara ta 1283, Littafin Acedrex<\/i>. A wannan lokaci, an yi amfani da \u201cc\u201d (kafin \u201ce\u201d) da \u201cx\u201d don \u0257aukar sautin \u201csh\u201d da aka gada daga Larabci. Catur<\/i>.<\/p><\/li>

  • Ajedrez (Karni na 15):<\/b> Yayin da harshen ya ci gaba, sautin \u201csh\u201d ya koma \u201cj\u201d na zamani mai zurfin makogwaro (the jota<\/i>). A lokacin da Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena ya wallafa fitaccen aikinsa a shekara ta 1497, rubutun ya riga ya koma ga siffar zamani.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    2. Juyin Injin: \u201cEl Viejo\u201d da \u201cDe la Dama\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Yayin da ake canza sunan lafazi, \u0199a'idojin suna samun fa\u0257a\u0257a mai juyin-juya hali na iko wanda ya sauya gaba \u0257aya saurin wasan. Wannan sauyi mafi kyau ana bayyana shi ne ta hanyar tsarin biyu da aka bayyana a cikin aikin Lucena na shekarar 1497:<\/p>\n\n

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      El Viejo (Hanyar Tsohuwa):<\/b> Wannan yana wakiltar dokokin gargajiya na zamanin tsakiyar Acedrex, inda wasan yake tafiya a hankali, gwagwarmayar matsayi. A cikin wannan tsarin, sashin da muke kira Dama a yanzu shi ne Alferza (mai ba da shawara ga Sarki), wanda aka takaita shi ga motsawa murabba'i \u0257aya kawai a layin karkata. A lokaci guda, Alfil na gargajiya an iyakance shi ga tsalle murabba'ai biyu a layin karkata, yana tsallake sauran sassa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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      De la Dama (Hanyar Zamani):<\/b> Wannan sabon salon wasa ya mayar da catur zuwa fafatawa mai sauri, dabaru, da fashewa. A \u0199ar\u0199ashin wa\u0257annan \u0199a'idoji, an maye gurbin Alferza da \u201cDama\u201d, wadda ta sami iyaka marar iyaka a kowane bangare. Haka kuma, Alfil na zamani ya koma mai motsi a madauwari ba tare da iyaka ba, yana \u0257aukar \u0199arfin motsi da aka ta\u0253a warewa ga sassa na gwaji kamar Crocodile.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Juyin Daga Kunkuru zuwa Giwa<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Juyin motsin \u201cunlimited diagonal\u201d zuwa sunan \u201cAlfil\u201d a adabin Sifen ya nuna babban sauyi daga \u201cShatranj\u201d na zamanin tsakiyar Turai zuwa catur na zamani. Yayin da \u201cLibro de los Juegos (1283)\u201d na Sarki Alfonso X ya fara gabatar da motsin diagonal mara iyaka ta wata takamaiman sassa mai suna Crocodile (Crocodile<\/i>), ba a sake amfani da sunan \u201cAlfil\u201d ga wannan motsi a cikin wasan 8\u00d78 na gargajiya ba har sai \u0199arshen \u0199arni na 15.<\/p>\n\n

      1. \u201cKambari\u201d a cikin Littafin Alfonso (1283)<\/b><\/h3>\n

      A cikin \u201cLibro de los Juegos\" na Alfonso X\u201c<\/i>, Alfil na al'ada har yanzu shi ne siffar zamanin tsakiyar da ke tsallake murabba'ai biyu a madaidaiciya. Duk da haka, Alfonso ya ha\u0257a wani bambanci mai fa\u0257i na 12\u00d712 da ake kira \u201cGrande Acedrex\"\u201c<\/b> (Babban Catur), wanda ya \u0199unshi sabon sashi mai suna \u201cKifin ruwa\u201d (Crocodile<\/i>).<\/p>\n\n

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        Motsin:<\/b> Kifin-ruwa ya motsa daidai kamar yadda sashin zamani ke motsi\u2014yana zamewa a kowane nisa a kan layukan giciye marasa cikas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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        Ispirasi:<\/b> Masana tarihi suna danganta wannan suna da sanannen kyautar diflomasiyya: maciji mai rai da Sultani na Masar ya aiko wa Alfonso X a shekarar 1260, a matsayin wani \u0253angare na tayin aure ga \u201cyar Sarki. Wani samfurin katako mai girman gaske na wannan maciji, wanda ake kira \"Lagarto\"\u201c<\/i>, har yanzu yana rataye a Katedral \u0257in Seville a yau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. Juyin zuwa \u201cAlfil\u201d a \u0199arni na 15<\/b><\/h3>\n

        An yi amfani da sunan \u201cAlfil\u201d a hukumance don motsin diagonal mara iyaka a cikin wasan 8\u00d78 na gargajiya bayan \u201cGyaran Valencian\u201d a kusan shekara ta 1475.<\/p>\n\n

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          Scachs d'amor (kimanin 1475):<\/b> Wannan wa\u0199ar Valencian ita ce aikin adabi na farko da ya bayyana \u0199a'idojin catur na zamani. Ta bayyana a fili cewa wannan sashi yana da \u201cmatsayi mai motsi sosai,\u201d yana motsawa a kan yawan murabba'ai gwargwadon yadda zai iya a layin karkata. A cikin wa\u0199ar, ana riga ana kiran wa\u0257annan sassan \u201cAlfils\u201d (a Valencian\/Catalan), wanda ke nuna cewa an canja sunan daga tsohon \u201cjumper\u201d zuwa sabon \u201cslider\u201d a wannan lokacin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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          Littafin wasannin catur (1495):<\/b> An rubuta shi ne ta Francesc Vicent, wannan littafi da aka \u0253ata ana \u0257aukar shi a matsayin rubutun farko kan catur na zamani. Ana ganin ya daidaita sunan \u201cAlfil\u201d don sabon motsi a fa\u0257in Tsibirin Iberiya.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. Fitowar farko a adabin Castilian (Sifaniyanci)<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Idan ana neman adabin Castilian (Sifeniya) maimakon na Valencian, amfani na farko da tabbatacce na \u201cAlfil\u201d don motsi na zamani yana cikin:<\/p>\n\n

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            Maimaita Soyayya da Fasahar Catur (1497):<\/b> An rubuta shi ne ta hannun Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena, kuma shi ne littafin bugu mafi tsufa da ya rage game da catur na zamani a harshen Castilian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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            Lucena ya kira wannan sashi Alfil (ko Arfil) kuma ya bambanta tsakanin sabbin \u0199a'idoji (de la dama) da tsofaffin \u0199a'idoji (el viejo). Ya tabbatar cewa \u201cAlfil sabo\u201d yanzu yana motsawa a fa\u0257in diagonal, inda yake \u0257aukar motsin da aka sanya wa \u201cCrocodile\u201d na Alfonso a asali.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            Daga Alferza zuwa Dama (matace) da Reina (sarki)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            Ko da yake ana amfani da dukkan kalmomin a yau, za\u0253in tsakanin \u201cdama\u201d da \u201creina\u201d a cikin adabin catur na Sifen yana nuna sauyi daga wasan zamanin tsakiyar Turai zuwa catur na zamani kuma yana nuna \u0199o\u0199ari na dogon lokaci na gujewa rikicin harshe.<\/p>\n\n

            1. Fitowar Adabi ta Farko: \u201cReina\u201d na Tsakiyar Zamanai\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n

            A cikin ma'anar adabi gaba\u0257aya, kalmar \u201creina\u201d (sarkiya) ta bayyana a cikin wa\u0199o\u0199in catur na Sifen tun da\u0257e kafin ta zama sunan da aka ka'ida don wannan sashi a kan allo.<\/p>\n\n

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              Karni na 11 (Shegal):<\/span><\/b> Rabbin na Spain\u201c<\/span>Ibrahima ibn Ezra\u201d<\/span> Ya rubuta wata wa\u0199a a \u0199arshen \u0199arni na 11 wadda ta ambaci wannan \u0253angaren a matsayin \u201c<\/span>Shegal\u201d<\/span> (kalmar Ibrananci don sarauniya).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

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              Labarin soyayya na zamanin tsakiyar Turai:<\/b> A \u0199ar\u0199ashin tasirin rubuce-rubucen \u0257abi'a na Jacobus de Cessolis, ana yawan kiran wannan \u0253angaren da \u2019<\/span>sarki mata\u201d<\/span> a Latin da \u201c<\/span>sarki<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/b> a cikin farkon harsunan Romance, ko da yake har yanzu yana motsawa da raunin motsi na kusurwa \u0257aya na \u201c<\/span>Alferza<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

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              2. Farkon Rubuce-rubucen Zamani: \u201cDama\u201d a matsayin Ka'ida<\/b><\/h3>\n

              Lokacin da aka canza \u0199a'idoji a \u0199arshen \u0199arni na 15 don \u0199ir\u0199irar \u0199wararren sashi mai \u201cba tare da iyaka ba\u201d da muka sani a yau, kalmar da aka fi so a rubuce-rubucen Sifeniya ita ce \u201cDama\u201d, ba \"Reina\" ba.<\/p>\n\n

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                Littafin wasannin catur (1495):<\/span><\/b> An rubuta shi ne ta Francesc Vicent a Valencia, ana \u0257aukar shi a matsayin littafi na farko da aka buga game da catur na zamani.<\/span> Ya mayar da hankali kan \u201cDama\u201c<\/b> (Mace) kuma ana danganta mata da daidaita \u0199a'idodin motsi na \u201csabbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

                Maimaita Soyayya da Fasahar Catur (1497):<\/span><\/b> Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena ya bayyana a fili kalmar \u201cDama\u201c don bayyana wasan zamani (de la dama). Ba ya yawan amfani da \u201cReina\u201d saboda ana yawan kiran wasan \u201cCatur na Matar Girma\u201d (wanda ake danganta shi da Sarauniya Isabella I na Castile).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. Lokacin da \u201cReina\u201d ta zama madadin da ake yawan amfani da shi<\/b><\/h3>\n

                Juyin zuwa \u201cReina\u201d a cikin rubuce-rubucen catur na Sifen da aka fi sani ya fara yawaita a \u0199arni na 16 yayin da wasan ya wuce lokacin farko na \u201cgyara\u201d.<\/p>\n\n

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                  Ruy L\u00f3pez de Segura (1561):<\/b> A cikin aikin tushen sa, \u201cLibro de la Invenci\u00f3n Liberal y Arte del Juego del Axedrez\u201d, Ruy L\u00f3pez ya yi amfani da duka kalmomin, kodayake \u201cDama\u201c<\/b> Ya kasance mai rinjaye ta fasaha a cikin bayanai na dabaru.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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                  Rikicin \u201cR\u201d:<\/b> Babban dalilin da ya sa \u201cReina\u201d ba ta ta\u0253a maye gurbin \u201cDama\u201d gaba \u0257aya a cikin littattafan fasaha na catur shi ne tsarin rubuta catur. A tsarin rubutu na Sifen, \u201cRey\u201d (Sarki) yana amfani da haruffan \u201cR\u201c. Don kauce wa rikici, an ba sarauniya haruffan \u201cD\u201c don \u201cDama\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Spanish chess piece evolution from historical chess (acedrex) toward modern chess (ajedrez) 1. The Linguistic Shift: From X to J The difference between Acedrex and Ajedrez illustrates the phonetic evolution of the Spanish language as it sought to adapt the original Arabic name for the game: Acedrex (The 13th Century):\u00a0This is the primary spelling used […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":743,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-756","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1883,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756\/revisions\/1883"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/ha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}