{"id":756,"date":"2026-02-21T09:44:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T09:44:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/?page_id=756"},"modified":"2026-03-02T06:56:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T06:56:13","slug":"poster-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/exhibit\/poster-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Poster 1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd c\u1edd vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1eeb c\u1edd vua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (acedrex) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (ajedrez)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: T\u1eeb X sang J<\/b><\/h3>

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Acedrex v\u00e0 Ajedrez minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00e2m v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i:<\/p>

  • A<\/b>Cedrex (Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u0103m 1283 c\u1ee7a Vua Alfonso X., S\u00e1ch C\u1edd Vua<\/i>. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u1eef \u201cc\u201d (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201ce\u201d) v\u00e0 \u201cx\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u00e2m \u201csh\u201d theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, \u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. C\u1edd vua<\/i>.<\/p><\/li>

  • C\u1edd vua (Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15):<\/b> Khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u00e2m \u201csh\u201d \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u00e2m \u201cj\u201d guttural hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (\u00e2m \"j\" trong ti\u1ebfng Anh). jota<\/i>\u0110\u1ebfn khi Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1497, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    2. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: \u201cEl Viejo\u201d so v\u1edbi \u201cDe la Dama\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Trong khi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t qua hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u0103m 1497 c\u1ee7a Lucena:<\/p>\n\n

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      El Viejo (C\u00e1ch c\u0169):<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Acedrex th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, n\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ed ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n c\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Dama l\u00e0 Alferza (c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Vua), ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u00f4 ch\u00e9o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n Alfil truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hai \u00f4 ch\u00e9o, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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      De la Dama (C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i):<\/b> Phong c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1edd vua th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u201cnhanh, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5\u201d. Theo quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Alferza \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n \u201cDama\u201d, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. Qu\u00e2n Alfil hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u sang voi<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u201d th\u00e0nh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cAlfil\u201d trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u1edd vua trung c\u1ed5 \u201cShatranj\u201d sang c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cLibro de los Juegos\u201d (1283) c\u1ee7a Vua Alfonso X, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n c\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"Crocodile\" (C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u<\/i>), t\u00ean \u201cAlfil\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 8\u00d78 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15.<\/p>\n\n

      1. Con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Alfonso (1283)<\/b><\/h3>\n

      Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cLibro de los Juegos\" c\u1ee7a Alfonso X\u201c<\/i>, qu\u00e2n Alfil ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u1edd trung c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hai \u00f4 ch\u00e9o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Alfonso \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng 12\u00d712 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGrande Acedrex\u201d.\u201c<\/b> (C\u1edd vua tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n c\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1 s\u1ea5u\u201d (C\u00e1 s\u1ea5u<\/i>).<\/p>\n\n

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        Phong tr\u00e0o:<\/b> Con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n c\u1edd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2014 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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        Ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng:<\/b> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sultan c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng cho Alfonso X v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1260, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n cho con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ed7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cLagarto\"\u201c<\/i>, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n treo trong Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Seville cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u201cAlfil\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15<\/b><\/h3>\n

        T\u00ean \u201cAlfil\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ch\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 8\u00d78 sau \u201cC\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Valencia\u201d v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1475.<\/p>\n\n

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          Scachs d\u2019amor (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1475):<\/b> B\u00e0i th\u01a1 Valencian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng g\u00e1n cho qu\u00e2n c\u1edd n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u201cvai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n\u201d, di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o. Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cAlfil\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Valencian\/Catalan), cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb qu\u00e2n \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d c\u0169 sang qu\u00e2n \u201ctr\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d m\u1edbi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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          T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u00e1n c\u1edd vua b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft (1495):<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Francesc Vicent, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cAlfil\u201d cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. L\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Castilian (T\u00e2y Ban Nha)<\/b><\/h3>\n

          N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Castilian (T\u00e2y Ban Nha) thay v\u00ec v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Valencian, l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cAlfil\u201d cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trong:<\/p>\n\n

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            S\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt C\u1edd vua (1497):<\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch in c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Castilian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

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            Lucena g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n c\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Alfil (ho\u1eb7c Arfil) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cquy t\u1eafc m\u1edbi\u201d (de la dama) v\u00e0 \u201cquy t\u1eafc c\u0169\u201d (el viejo). \u00d4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cAlfil m\u1edbi\u201d hi\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho \u201cCrocodile\u201d c\u1ee7a Alfonso.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            T\u1eeb Alferza \u0111\u1ebfn Dama (qu\u00fd b\u00e0) v\u00e0 Reina (n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u201cdama\u201d v\u00e0 \u201creina\u201d trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1edd vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua trung c\u1ed5 sang c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n

            1. L\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: \u201cReina\u201d th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n

            Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc chung, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201creina\u201d (n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u01a1 c\u1edd vua li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chu\u1ea9n cho qu\u00e2n c\u1edd tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

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            • \n

              Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11 (Shegal):<\/span><\/b> Rabbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u201c<\/span>Abraham ibn Ezra\u201d<\/span> Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c<\/span>Shegal\u201d<\/span> (M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Hebrew ch\u1ec9 n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

              <\/div><\/li>\n \t
            • \n

              T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5:<\/b> D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Jacobus de Cessolis, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2019<\/span>Regina\u201d<\/span> b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latin v\u00e0 \u201c<\/span>Reina<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/b> Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Romance s\u01a1 k\u1ef3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn di chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e9o y\u1ebfu, m\u1ed9t \u00f4 vu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u201c<\/span>Alferza<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

              <\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: \u201cDama\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/b><\/h3>\n

              Khi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e2n c\u1edd \u201ckh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 \u201cDama\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \"Reina\".<\/p>\n\n

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              • \n

                T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u00e1n c\u1edd vua b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft (1495):<\/span><\/b> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Francesc Vicent t\u1ea1i Valencia, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch in \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span> N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201cDama\"\u201c<\/b> (B\u00e0) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc di chuy\u1ec3n \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt C\u1edd vua (1497):<\/span><\/b> Luis Ram\u00edrez de Lucena \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cDama\u201c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (de la dama). \u00d4ng hi\u1ebfm khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cReina\u201d v\u00ec tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1edd vua c\u1ee7a N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng\u201d (th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Isabella I c\u1ee7a Castile).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. Khi \u201cReina\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/h3>\n

                S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u201cReina\u201d trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1edd vua ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cc\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

                  \n \t
                • \n

                  Ruy L\u00f3pez de Segura (1561):<\/b> Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u201cLibro de la Invenci\u00f3n Liberal y Arte del Juego del Axedrez\u201d, Ruy L\u00f3pez \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u201cDama\u201d\u201c<\/b> v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t

                • \n

                  Xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u201cR\u201d:<\/b> L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn \u201cReina\u201d kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay th\u1ebf \u201cDama\u201d trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1edd vua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 do k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1edd vua. Trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1edd vua ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u201cRey\u201d (Vua) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u201cR\u201c. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, H\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u201cD\u201c cho \u201cDama\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Spanish chess piece evolution from historical chess (acedrex) toward modern chess (ajedrez) 1. The Linguistic Shift: From X to J The difference between Acedrex and Ajedrez illustrates the phonetic evolution of the Spanish language as it sought to adapt the original Arabic name for the game: Acedrex (The 13th Century):\u00a0This is the primary spelling used […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":743,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-756","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1883,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/756\/revisions\/1883"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shatranj.art\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}